要求的譯文尚未完成，目前顯示原始英文。
SKILL.md
唯讀
名稱
security-headers-configuration
描述
Configures HTTP security headers to protect against XSS, clickjacking, and MIME sniffing attacks. Use when hardening web applications, passing security audits, or implementing Content Security Policy.
Security Headers Configuration
Implement HTTP security headers to defend against common browser-based attacks.
Essential Headers
| Header | Purpose | Value |
|---|---|---|
| HSTS | Force HTTPS | max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains |
| CSP | Restrict resources | default-src 'self' |
| X-Frame-Options | Prevent clickjacking | DENY |
| X-Content-Type-Options | Prevent MIME sniffing | nosniff |
Express Implementation
const helmet = require('helmet');
app.use(helmet());
// Custom CSP
app.use(helmet.contentSecurityPolicy({
directives: {
defaultSrc: ["'self'"],
scriptSrc: ["'self'", "'unsafe-inline'"],
styleSrc: ["'self'", "'unsafe-inline'"],
imgSrc: ["'self'", "data:", "https:"],
connectSrc: ["'self'", "https://api.example.com"],
fontSrc: ["'self'", "https://fonts.gstatic.com"],
frameAncestors: ["'none'"]
}
}));
Nginx Configuration
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;
add_header X-Frame-Options "DENY" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
add_header Permissions-Policy "geolocation=(), microphone=(), camera=()" always;
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'" always;
Verification Tools
Security Headers Checklist
- [ ] HSTS enabled with long max-age
- [ ] CSP configured and tested
- [ ] X-Frame-Options set to DENY
- [ ] X-Content-Type-Options set to nosniff
- [ ] Referrer-Policy configured
- [ ] Permissions-Policy disables unused features
Additional Implementations
See references/python-apache.md for:
- Python Flask security headers middleware
- Flask-Talisman library configuration
- Apache .htaccess configuration
- Header testing script
Common Mistakes
- Setting CSP to report-only permanently
- Using overly permissive policies
- Forgetting to test after changes
- Not including all subdomains in HSTS
