SKILL.md
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名称
table-extractor
描述
>
版本
1.0
表格提取技能
概述
本技能能够使用 camelot(PDF表格提取的黄金标准)从PDF文档中精确提取表格。支持处理包含合并单元格、无边框表格以及跨页布局的复杂表格,准确率高。
使用方法
- 提供包含表格的PDF文件
- 可选指定页面或表格检测方法
- 我将提取表格并返回为pandas DataFrame
示例提示:
- "提取此PDF中的所有表格"
- "获取这份报告第5页的表格"
- "提取此文档中的无边框表格"
- "将PDF表格转换为Excel格式"
领域知识
camelot 基础
import camelot
# 从PDF中提取表格
tables = camelot.read_pdf('document.pdf')
# 访问结果
print(f"找到 {len(tables)} 个表格")
# 获取第一个表格作为DataFrame
df = tables[0].df
print(df)
提取方法
| 方法 | 适用场景 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
lattice |
有边框表格 | 通过线条/边框检测表格 |
stream |
无边框表格 | 利用文本定位 |
# Lattice方法(默认)——适用于有可见边框的表格
tables = camelot.read_pdf('document.pdf', flavor='lattice')
# Stream方法——适用于无边框表格
tables = camelot.read_pdf('document.pdf', flavor='stream')
页面选择
# 单页
tables = camelot.read_pdf('document.pdf', pages='1')
# 多页
tables = camelot.read_pdf('document.pdf', pages='1,3,5')
# 页码范围
tables = camelot.read_pdf('document.pdf', pages='1-5')
# 所有页面
tables = camelot.read_pdf('document.pdf', pages='all')
高级选项
Lattice选项
tables = camelot.read_pdf(
'document.pdf',
flavor='lattice',
line_scale=40, # 线条检测灵敏度
copy_text=['h', 'v'], # 跨合并单元格复制文本
shift_text=['l', 't'], # 文本对齐偏移
split_text=True, # 按换行符拆分文本
flag_size=True, # 标记上标/下标
strip_text='\n', # 要去除的字符
process_background=False, # 处理背景线条
)
Stream选项
tables = camelot.read_pdf(
'document.pdf',
flavor='stream',
edge_tol=500, # 边缘容差
row_tol=10, # 行容差
column_tol=0, # 列容差
strip_text='\n', # 要去除的字符
)
表格区域指定
# 从特定区域提取(x1, y1, x2, y2)
# 坐标从左下角开始,单位为PDF点(72点 = 1英寸)
tables = camelot.read_pdf(
'document.pdf',
table_areas=['72,720,540,400'], # 一个区域
)
# 多个区域
tables = camelot.read_pdf(
'document.pdf',
table_areas=['72,720,540,400', '72,380,540,200'],
)
列指定
# 手动指定列位置(适用于stream方法)
tables = camelot.read_pdf(
'document.pdf',
flavor='stream',
columns=['100,200,300,400'], # 列分隔线的X位置
)
处理结果
import camelot
tables = camelot.read_pdf('document.pdf')
for i, table in enumerate(tables):
# 访问DataFrame
df = table.df
# 表格元数据
print(f"表格 {i+1}:")
print(f" 页面: {table.page}")
print(f" 准确率: {table.accuracy}")
print(f" 空白: {table.whitespace}")
print(f" 顺序: {table.order}")
print(f" 形状: {df.shape}")
# 解析报告
report = table.parsing_report
print(f" 报告: {report}")
导出选项
import camelot
tables = camelot.read_pdf('document.pdf')
# 导出为CSV
tables[0].to_csv('table.csv')
# 导出为Excel
tables[0].to_excel('table.xlsx')
# 导出为JSON
tables[0].to_json('table.json')
# 导出为HTML
tables[0].to_html('table.html')
# 导出所有表格
for i, table in enumerate(tables):
table.to_excel(f'table_{i+1}.xlsx')
可视化调试
import camelot
# 启用可视化调试
tables = camelot.read_pdf('document.pdf')
# 绘制检测到的表格区域
camelot.plot(tables[0], kind='contour').show()
# 绘制表格上的文本
camelot.plot(tables[0], kind='text').show()
# 绘制检测到的线条(仅lattice)
camelot.plot(tables[0], kind='joint').show()
camelot.plot(tables[0], kind='line').show()
# 保存绘图
fig = camelot.plot(tables[0])
fig.savefig('debug.png')
处理跨页表格
import camelot
import pandas as pd
def extract_multipage_table(pdf_path, pages='all'):
"""提取并合并跨页表格。"""
tables = camelot.read_pdf(pdf_path, pages=pages)
# 按相似结构(列)分组表格
table_groups = {}
for table in tables:
cols = tuple(table.df.columns)
if cols not in table_groups:
table_groups[cols] = []
table_groups[cols].append(table.df)
# 合并相似表格
combined = []
for cols, dfs in table_groups.items():
if len(dfs) > 1:
# 合并并去重表头行
combined_df = pd.concat(dfs, ignore_index=True)
combined.append(combined_df)
else:
combined.append(dfs[0])
return combined
最佳实践
- 尝试两种方法:有边框用lattice,无边框用stream
- 检查准确率分数:通常90%以上为良好
- 使用可视化调试:理解提取结果
- 指定区域:适用于包含多种表格类型的PDF
- 处理表头:第一行通常需要特殊处理
常见模式
批量表格提取
import camelot
from pathlib import Path
import pandas as pd
def batch_extract_tables(input_dir, output_dir):
"""提取目录中所有PDF的表格。"""
input_path = Path(input_dir)
output_path = Path(output_dir)
output_path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
results = []
for pdf_file in input_path.glob('*.pdf'):
try:
tables = camelot.read_pdf(str(pdf_file), pages='all')
for i, table in enumerate(tables):
# 跳过低准确率表格
if table.accuracy < 80:
continue
output_file = output_path / f"{pdf_file.stem}_table_{i+1}.xlsx"
table.to_excel(str(output_file))
results.append({
'source': str(pdf_file),
'table': i + 1,
'page': table.page,
'accuracy': table.accuracy,
'output': str(output_file)
})
except Exception as e:
results.append({
'source': str(pdf_file),
'error': str(e)
})
return results
自动检测表格方法
import camelot
def smart_extract_tables(pdf_path, pages='1'):
"""尝试两种方法并返回最佳结果。"""
# 先尝试lattice
lattice_tables = camelot.read_pdf(pdf_path, pages=pages, flavor='lattice')
# 再尝试stream
stream_tables = camelot.read_pdf(pdf_path, pages=pages, flavor='stream')
# 比较并返回最佳
results = []
if lattice_tables and lattice_tables[0].accuracy > 70:
results.extend(lattice_tables)
elif stream_tables:
results.extend(stream_tables)
return results
示例
示例1:财务报表提取
import camelot
import pandas as pd
def extract_financial_tables(pdf_path):
"""从年报中提取财务表格。"""
# 提取所有表格
tables = camelot.read_pdf(pdf_path, pages='all', flavor='lattice')
financial_data = {
'income_statement': None,
'balance_sheet': None,
'cash_flow': None,
'other_tables': []
}
for table in tables:
df = table.df
text = df.to_string().lower()
# 识别表格类型
if 'revenue' in text or 'sales' in text:
if 'operating income' in text or 'net income' in text:
financial_data['income_statement'] = df
elif 'asset' in text and 'liabilities' in text:
financial_data['balance_sheet'] = df
elif 'cash flow' in text or 'operating activities' in text:
financial_data['cash_flow'] = df
else:
financial_data['other_tables'].append({
'page': table.page,
'data': df,
'accuracy': table.accuracy
})
return financial_data
financials = extract_financial_tables('annual_report.pdf')
if financials['income_statement'] is not None:
print("找到利润表:")
print(financials['income_statement'])
示例2:科研数据提取
import camelot
import pandas as pd
def extract_research_data(pdf_path, pages='all'):
"""从研究论文中提取数据表格。"""
# 尝试lattice提取有边框表格
tables = camelot.read_pdf(pdf_path, pages=pages, flavor='lattice')
if not tables or all(t.accuracy < 70 for t in tables):
# 回退到stream处理无边框表格
tables = camelot.read_pdf(pdf_path, pages=pages, flavor='stream')
extracted_data = []
for table in tables:
df = table.df
# 清理DataFrame
# 如果第一行看起来像表头,则将其设为列名
if not df.iloc[0].str.contains(r'\d').any():
df.columns = df.iloc[0]
df = df[1:]
df = df.reset_index(drop=True)
extracted_data.append({
'page': table.page,
'accuracy': table.accuracy,
'data': df
})
return extracted_data
data = extract_research_data('research_paper.pdf')
for i, item in enumerate(data):
print(f"表格 {i+1}(第{item['page']}页,准确率:{item['accuracy']}%):")
print(item['data'].head())
示例3:发票行项目
import camelot
def extract_invoice_items(pdf_path):
"""从发票中提取行项目。"""
# 发票通常有边框表格
tables = camelot.read_pdf(pdf_path, flavor='lattice')
line_items = []
for table in tables:
df = table.df
# 查找包含典型发票列的表格
header_text = ' '.join(df.iloc[0].astype(str)).lower()
if any(term in header_text for term in ['quantity', 'qty', 'amount', 'price', 'description']):
# 这看起来像行项目表格
df.columns = df.iloc[0]
df = df[1:]
for _, row in df.iterrows():
item = {}
for col in df.columns:
col_lower = str(col).lower()
value = row[col]
if 'desc' in col_lower or 'item' in col_lower:
item['description'] = value
elif 'qty' in col_lower or 'quantity' in col_lower:
item['quantity'] = value
elif 'price' in col_lower or 'rate' in col_lower:
item['unit_price'] = value
elif 'amount' in col_lower or 'total' in col_lower:
item['amount'] = value
if item:
line_items.append(item)
return line_items
items = extract_invoice_items('invoice.pdf')
for item in items:
print(item)
示例4:表格比较
import camelot
import pandas as pd
def compare_pdf_tables(pdf1_path, pdf2_path):
"""比较两个PDF版本之间的表格。"""
tables1 = camelot.read_pdf(pdf1_path)
tables2 = camelot.read_pdf(pdf2_path)
comparisons = []
# 按形状和位置匹配表格
for t1 in tables1:
best_match = None
best_score = 0
for t2 in tables2:
if t1.df.shape == t2.df.shape:
# 计算相似度
try:
similarity = (t1.df == t2.df).mean().mean()
if similarity > best_score:
best_score = similarity
best_match = t2
except:
pass
if best_match:
comparisons.append({
'page1': t1.page,
'page2': best_match.page,
'similarity': best_score,
'identical': best_score == 1.0,
'diff': pd.DataFrame(t1.df != best_match.df)
})
return comparisons
comparison = compare_pdf_tables('report_v1.pdf', 'report_v2.pdf')
限制
- 不支持加密PDF
- 基于图像的PDF需要OCR预处理
- 非常复杂的合并单元格可能需要调参
- 旋转的表格需要预处理
- 大型PDF可能需要逐页处理
安装
pip install camelot-py[cv]
# 额外依赖
# macOS
brew install ghostscript tcl-tk
# Ubuntu
apt-get install ghostscript python3-tk






