doc-parser

doc-parser

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更新于 2026/1/31
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name
doc-parser
description

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version
1.0

文档解析技能

概述

本技能利用 docling(IBM 最先进的文档理解库)实现高级文档解析。可解析复杂的 PDF、Word 文档和图像,同时保留结构、提取表格、图形,并处理多栏布局。

使用方法

  1. 提供要解析的文档
  2. 指定要提取的内容(文本、表格、图形等)
  3. 我将解析文档并返回结构化数据

示例提示:

  • "解析此 PDF 并提取所有表格"
  • "将这篇学术论文转换为结构化 Markdown"
  • "提取此文档中的图形和标题"
  • "解析此报告并保留文档结构"

领域知识

docling 基础

from docling.document_converter import DocumentConverter

# 初始化转换器
converter = DocumentConverter()

# 转换文档
result = converter.convert("document.pdf")

# 访问解析后的内容
doc = result.document
print(doc.export_to_markdown())

支持的格式

格式 扩展名 说明
PDF .pdf 原生和扫描件
Word .docx 完整结构保留
PowerPoint .pptx 幻灯片作为章节
图片 .png, .jpg OCR + 布局分析
HTML .html 结构保留

基本用法

from docling.document_converter import DocumentConverter

# 创建转换器
converter = DocumentConverter()

# 转换单个文档
result = converter.convert("report.pdf")

# 访问文档
doc = result.document

# 导出选项
markdown = doc.export_to_markdown()
text = doc.export_to_text()
json_doc = doc.export_to_dict()

高级配置

from docling.document_converter import DocumentConverter
from docling.datamodel.base_models import InputFormat
from docling.datamodel.pipeline_options import PdfPipelineOptions

# 配置管道
pipeline_options = PdfPipelineOptions()
pipeline_options.do_ocr = True
pipeline_options.do_table_structure = True
pipeline_options.table_structure_options.do_cell_matching = True

# 使用选项创建转换器
converter = DocumentConverter(
    allowed_formats=[InputFormat.PDF, InputFormat.DOCX],
    pdf_backend_options=pipeline_options
)

result = converter.convert("document.pdf")

文档结构

# 文档层次结构
doc = result.document

# 访问元数据
print(doc.name)
print(doc.origin)

# 遍历内容
for element in doc.iterate_items():
    print(f"类型: {element.type}")
    print(f"文本: {element.text}")
    
    if element.type == "table":
        print(f"行数: {len(element.data.table_cells)}")

提取表格

from docling.document_converter import DocumentConverter
import pandas as pd

def extract_tables(doc_path):
    """从文档中提取所有表格。"""
    converter = DocumentConverter()
    result = converter.convert(doc_path)
    doc = result.document
    
    tables = []
    
    for element in doc.iterate_items():
        if element.type == "table":
            # 获取表格数据
            table_data = element.export_to_dataframe()
            tables.append({
                'page': element.prov[0].page_no if element.prov else None,
                'dataframe': table_data
            })
    
    return tables

# 使用示例
tables = extract_tables("report.pdf")
for i, table in enumerate(tables):
    print(f"第 {i+1} 个表格,位于第 {table['page']} 页:")
    print(table['dataframe'])

提取图形

def extract_figures(doc_path, output_dir):
    """提取图形及其标题。"""
    import os
    
    converter = DocumentConverter()
    result = converter.convert(doc_path)
    doc = result.document
    
    figures = []
    os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
    
    for element in doc.iterate_items():
        if element.type == "picture":
            figure_info = {
                'caption': element.caption if hasattr(element, 'caption') else None,
                'page': element.prov[0].page_no if element.prov else None,
            }
            
            # 如果可用,保存图像
            if hasattr(element, 'image'):
                img_path = os.path.join(output_dir, f"figure_{len(figures)+1}.png")
                element.image.save(img_path)
                figure_info['path'] = img_path
            
            figures.append(figure_info)
    
    return figures

处理多栏布局

from docling.document_converter import DocumentConverter

def parse_multicolumn(doc_path):
    """解析多栏布局的文档。"""
    
    converter = DocumentConverter()
    result = converter.convert(doc_path)
    doc = result.document
    
    # docling 自动处理栏检测
    # 文本按阅读顺序返回
    
    structured_content = []
    
    for element in doc.iterate_items():
        content_item = {
            'type': element.type,
            'text': element.text if hasattr(element, 'text') else None,
            'level': element.level if hasattr(element, 'level') else None,
        }
        
        # 如果可用,添加边界框
        if element.prov:
            content_item['bbox'] = element.prov[0].bbox
            content_item['page'] = element.prov[0].page_no
        
        structured_content.append(content_item)
    
    return structured_content

导出格式

from docling.document_converter import DocumentConverter

converter = DocumentConverter()
result = converter.convert("document.pdf")
doc = result.document

# Markdown 导出
markdown = doc.export_to_markdown()
with open("output.md", "w") as f:
    f.write(markdown)

# 纯文本
text = doc.export_to_text()

# JSON/dict 格式
json_doc = doc.export_to_dict()

# HTML 格式(如果支持)
# html = doc.export_to_html()

批量处理

from docling.document_converter import DocumentConverter
from pathlib import Path
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

def batch_parse(input_dir, output_dir, max_workers=4):
    """并行解析多个文档。"""
    
    input_path = Path(input_dir)
    output_path = Path(output_dir)
    output_path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
    
    converter = DocumentConverter()
    
    def process_single(doc_path):
        try:
            result = converter.convert(str(doc_path))
            md = result.document.export_to_markdown()
            
            out_file = output_path / f"{doc_path.stem}.md"
            with open(out_file, 'w') as f:
                f.write(md)
            
            return {'file': str(doc_path), 'status': 'success'}
        except Exception as e:
            return {'file': str(doc_path), 'status': 'error', 'error': str(e)}
    
    docs = list(input_path.glob('*.pdf')) + list(input_path.glob('*.docx'))
    
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as executor:
        results = list(executor.map(process_single, docs))
    
    return results

最佳实践

  1. 使用合适的管道:根据文档类型进行配置
  2. 处理大型文档:必要时分块处理
  3. 验证表格提取:复杂表格可能需要复核
  4. 检查 OCR 质量:对扫描文档启用 OCR
  5. 缓存结果:存储解析后的文档以便复用

常见模式

学术论文解析器

def parse_academic_paper(pdf_path):
    """解析学术论文结构。"""
    
    converter = DocumentConverter()
    result = converter.convert(pdf_path)
    doc = result.document
    
    paper = {
        'title': None,
        'abstract': None,
        'sections': [],
        'references': [],
        'tables': [],
        'figures': []
    }
    
    current_section = None
    
    for element in doc.iterate_items():
        text = element.text if hasattr(element, 'text') else ''
        
        if element.type == 'title':
            paper['title'] = text
        
        elif element.type == 'heading':
            if 'abstract' in text.lower():
                current_section = 'abstract'
            elif 'reference' in text.lower():
                current_section = 'references'
            else:
                paper['sections'].append({
                    'title': text,
                    'content': ''
                })
                current_section = 'section'
        
        elif element.type == 'paragraph':
            if current_section == 'abstract':
                paper['abstract'] = text
            elif current_section == 'section' and paper['sections']:
                paper['sections'][-1]['content'] += text + '\n'
        
        elif element.type == 'table':
            paper['tables'].append({
                'caption': element.caption if hasattr(element, 'caption') else None,
                'data': element.export_to_dataframe() if hasattr(element, 'export_to_dataframe') else None
            })
    
    return paper

报告转结构化数据

def parse_business_report(doc_path):
    """将商业报告解析为结构化格式。"""
    
    converter = DocumentConverter()
    result = converter.convert(doc_path)
    doc = result.document
    
    report = {
        'metadata': {
            'title': None,
            'date': None,
            'author': None
        },
        'executive_summary': None,
        'sections': [],
        'key_metrics': [],
        'recommendations': []
    }
    
    # 解析文档结构
    for element in doc.iterate_items():
        # 根据文档结构实现解析逻辑
        pass
    
    return report

示例

示例 1:解析财务报告

from docling.document_converter import DocumentConverter

def parse_financial_report(pdf_path):
    """从财务报告中提取结构化数据。"""
    
    converter = DocumentConverter()
    result = converter.convert(pdf_path)
    doc = result.document
    
    financial_data = {
        'income_statement': None,
        'balance_sheet': None,
        'cash_flow': None,
        'notes': []
    }
    
    # 提取表格
    tables = []
    for element in doc.iterate_items():
        if element.type == 'table':
            table_df = element.export_to_dataframe()
            
            # 识别表格类型
            if 'revenue' in str(table_df).lower() or 'income' in str(table_df).lower():
                financial_data['income_statement'] = table_df
            elif 'asset' in str(table_df).lower() or 'liabilities' in str(table_df).lower():
                financial_data['balance_sheet'] = table_df
            elif 'cash' in str(table_df).lower():
                financial_data['cash_flow'] = table_df
            else:
                tables.append(table_df)
    
    # 提取 Markdown 作为注释
    financial_data['markdown'] = doc.export_to_markdown()
    
    return financial_data

report = parse_financial_report('annual_report.pdf')
print("利润表:")
print(report['income_statement'])

示例 2:技术文档解析器

from docling.document_converter import DocumentConverter

def parse_technical_docs(doc_path):
    """解析技术文档。"""
    
    converter = DocumentConverter()
    result = converter.convert(doc_path)
    doc = result.document
    
    documentation = {
        'title': None,
        'version': None,
        'sections': [],
        'code_blocks': [],
        'diagrams': []
    }
    
    current_section = None
    
    for element in doc.iterate_items():
        if element.type == 'title':
            documentation['title'] = element.text
        
        elif element.type == 'heading':
            current_section = {
                'title': element.text,
                'level': element.level if hasattr(element, 'level') else 1,
                'content': []
            }
            documentation['sections'].append(current_section)
        
        elif element.type == 'code':
            if current_section:
                current_section['content'].append({
                    'type': 'code',
                    'content': element.text
                })
            documentation['code_blocks'].append(element.text)
        
        elif element.type == 'picture':
            documentation['diagrams'].append({
                'page': element.prov[0].page_no if element.prov else None,
                'caption': element.caption if hasattr(element, 'caption') else None
            })
    
    return documentation

docs = parse_technical_docs('api_documentation.pdf')
print(f"标题: {docs['title']}")
print(f"章节数: {len(docs['sections'])}")

示例 3:合同分析

from docling.document_converter import DocumentConverter

def analyze_contract(pdf_path):
    """解析合同文档以提取关键条款。"""
    
    converter = DocumentConverter()
    result = converter.convert(pdf_path)
    doc = result.document
    
    contract = {
        'parties': [],
        'clauses': [],
        'dates': [],
        'amounts': [],
        'full_text': doc.export_to_text()
    }
    
    import re
    
    # 提取日期
    date_pattern = r'\b\d{1,2}[/-]\d{1,2}[/-]\d{2,4}\b|\b(?:Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)[a-z]* \d{1,2},? \d{4}\b'
    contract['dates'] = re.findall(date_pattern, contract['full_text'], re.IGNORECASE)
    
    # 提取货币金额
    amount_pattern = r'\$[\d,]+(?:\.\d{2})?|\b\d+(?:,\d{3})*(?:\.\d{2})?\s*(?:USD|dollars)\b'
    contract['amounts'] = re.findall(amount_pattern, contract['full_text'], re.IGNORECASE)
    
    # 将章节解析为条款
    for element in doc.iterate_items():
        if element.type == 'heading':
            contract['clauses'].append({
                'title': element.text,
                'content': ''
            })
        elif element.type == 'paragraph' and contract['clauses']:
            contract['clauses'][-1]['content'] += element.text + '\n'
    
    return contract

contract_data = analyze_contract('agreement.pdf')
print(f"关键日期: {contract_data['dates']}")
print(f"金额: {contract_data['amounts']}")

限制

  • 非常大的文档可能需要分块处理
  • 手写内容需要 OCR 预处理
  • 复杂的嵌套表格可能需要手动复核
  • 某些 PDF 类型(如加密)不受支持
  • 建议使用 GPU 以获得最佳性能

安装

pip install docling

# 完整功能
pip install docling[all]

# OCR 支持
pip install docling[ocr]

资源